Male infertility refers to a man’s inability to achieve a pregnancy with his female partner despite regular, unprotected sex for at least one year. It can result from issues with sperm production, sperm function, hormone imbalances, structural problems, or lifestyle and environmental factors. Infertility affects millions of men worldwide and can be a deeply personal and emotionally challenging issue. However, many treatments and strategies are available to help men with infertility become biological fathers.
Male fertility depends on several key factors:
✅ Healthy sperm production
✅ Normal sperm shape and motility
✅ Clear pathways for sperm delivery (no blockages)
✅ Balanced hormones and sexual function
Common Causes Include:
· Sperm Disorders:
o Low sperm count (oligospermia)
o Abnormal sperm shape or poor motility
o Absence of sperm (azoospermia)
· Hormonal or Genetic Factors:
o Low testosterone or pituitary gland disorders
o Genetic conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Klinefelter syndrome)
· Infections & Inflammation:
o Mumps after puberty
o Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
o Epididymitis or orchitis
· Structural Problems:
o Blocked vas deferens (sperm duct)
o Scar tissue from surgery or infections
o Varicoceles (swollen veins in the scrotum)
· Lifestyle & Environmental Factors:
o Smoking, excessive alcohol, drug use
o Exposure to heat (e.g., hot tubs, saunas)
o Obesity or advanced age
· Medical Conditions:
o Diabetes, liver or kidney disease
o Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation)
o Trauma or injury to the testicles
The primary symptom of male infertility is difficulty conceiving a child. Other signs may include:
· Problems with erection or ejaculation
· Low sex drive
· Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicles
· Recurrent respiratory infections
· Breast growth (gynecomastia)
· Reduced facial or body hair (hormonal imbalance)
· Decreased sperm count (fewer than 15 million sperm/mL)
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive review of medical history, lifestyle habits, and sexual function. Key tests include:
· Semen Analysis (Sperm Count & Quality)
o Volume, concentration, motility, and shape of sperm
· Blood Tests
o Hormone levels (testosterone, LH, FSH)
o Genetic testing, if needed
· Imaging Tests
o Ultrasound of the testicles and scrotum
o MRI to assess blockages or structural abnormalities
· Testicular Biopsy
o Removes a small tissue sample to evaluate sperm production in severe cases
· Urinalysis
o Check for infections or underlying conditions
✅ Lifestyle & Medication:
· Quit smoking, reduce alcohol
· Healthy weight & nutrition
· Treat infections with antibiotics
· Hormone therapies, if needed
✅ Surgical Treatments:
· Varicocele repair
· Blockage removal or reconstruction
· Sperm retrieval procedures (TESA, PESA, micro-TESE)
✅ Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):
· Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is placed directly into the uterus
· In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF): Egg and sperm are combined in a lab, then implanted
· Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected into an egg, highly effective for severe male factor infertility
Male infertility can cause profound emotional and psychological distress, including feelings of inadequacy, grief, or depression. Counselling and support groups can help men and couples navigate these challenges.
See a male fertility specialist if you:
✅ Have been unable to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sex
✅ Experience sexual dysfunction, low libido, or ejaculation issues
✅ Notice testicular pain, lumps, or swelling
✅ Have had past testicular trauma or surgery
✅ Have a partner over 35 (fertility declines with age for women)
At Medassure Healthcare, we partner with India’s top urologists, reproductive endocrinologists, and andrology experts to provide advanced and compassionate care for male infertility. Our affiliated centres use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, cutting-edge sperm retrieval techniques, and ART to give you the best chance of success.
Medassure provides:
· Thorough fertility evaluation and semen analysis
· Access to advanced fertility preservation techniques
· International patient support with transparent, cost-effective packages
· Multilingual staff for seamless care
· Coordination with your local doctor for continuous follow-up
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